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When you think about the city of Ephesus from the first century, what's the first impression that comes to mind? Would it surprise you to learn Ephesus was a place of wealth and opulence? A city of power and beauty? The center of religion and idol worship? While all these descriptions are true, the people of that day saw something more. The citizens considered Ephesus to be a notoriously evil place.

Like the communities of Philadephia and Thyatira, the ruins of Smyrna are centered in the middle of a busy modern city. Now called Izmir, it's the third most populous city in Turkey. Located on the coast of the Aegean Sea, Smyrna was a major trade route and a wealthy port city in the first century, home to nearly 100,000 residents. It's a vibrant port city still.

Sardis was a city of decadence, power, and paganism. With a population of 120,000 in the first century AD, its people were known for loose living, pleasure-seeking, and lovers of extravagance. And yet, it was from this place that the Good News spread rapidly, creating one of the largest Christian communities to impact the culture around them.

Let’s start with the pronunciation of the name of this city, okay? Do a Google search and you’ll find multiple instances of the typical Western pronunciation we’ve been used to hearing: Lay-ah-deh-SEE-ah. Travel to Turkey, however, and you’ll find yourself quickly adopting the Turkish sounds: Lay-ah-deh-KEY-ah. It’s a subtle difference, but much more satisfying to pronounce it like the locals as the name rolls off your tongue. Try it! 😊

Hierapolis is one of those places mentioned in the Bible that is so easy to miss completely. Mentioned only once in Paul’s letter to the Colossians (4:12), he acknowledges this region through the work of Epaphras, connecting this triad of cities and shared faith found in Colossae, Laodicea, and Hierapolis. So if this is your first time learning about this historical place, you’re not alone!

Most of us who are familiar with Paul's letter to the Colossians might be surprised to learn there is very little of this ancient biblical site that has been uncovered. Turkey contains so much wealth in biblical and historical sites that the resources necessary to excavate these strategic locations often come from other sources. Thankfully, Colossae is one region where plans to excavate are underway!

The Apostle Paul was no stranger to suffering. Yet there were certain places where he seemed to suffer more significant harm than others. He reminded Timothy of “the persecutions and sufferings that happened to me in Antioch, Iconium, and Lystra” (2 Timothy 3:11). What was the common thread between these three cities, and why was it most difficult for him here?